Dating back to almost 400 mya, spiders are among the most diverse terrestrial predators [1].
However, despite considerable effort [1–9], their phylogenetic relationships and …

Known for centuries, the geographical pattern of increasing biodiversity from the poles to the
equator is one of the most pervasive features of life on Earth. A longstanding goal of …

Aim Many important patterns and processes vary across the phylogeny and depend on
phylogenetic scale. Nonetheless, phylogenetic scale has never been formally …

There are a few patterns in nature that are striking even to casual observers. These include
patterns of species richness associated with latitude, elevation, rainfall and area. Current …

Simple Summary Among such questions as the origin of the universe or the biological bases
of consciousness, understanding the origin and arrangement of planetary biodiversity is one …

Aim Diversity dynamics remain controversial. Here, we examine these dynamics, together
with the ecological factors governing them, across mammalian clades of different ages and …

Temperature variation affects the growth performance of fish species due to growing
constraints and trade-off on physiological functions. Here we experimentally investigated …

Species richness is greater in places where the number of potential niches is high.
Consequently, the niche may be fundamental for understanding the arrangement of life and …

Identifying modes of species diversification is fundamental to our understanding of how
biodiversity changes over evolutionary time. Diversification modes are captured in species …

The resource-use hypothesis proposed by Elisabeth S. Vrba suggests that lineages display
varying tendencies toward generalism or specialization in biome occupancy, with a …