Electrons have a charge and a spin, but until recently, charges and spins have been
considered separately. In conventional electronics, the charges are manipulated by electric …

A comprehensive review of giant magnetoresistance in spin-valve sandwiches and
multilayers is presented, highlighting the experimental and theoretical results which are of …

By starting with the Boltzmann equation, we calculate the transport properties of magnetic
multilayers for currents perpendicular to the layers. Our model takes into account both …

We have observed isotropic giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in nonmultilayer magnetic
systems using granular magnetic solids. We show that GMR occurs in magnetically …

We have observed giant magnetoresistance in heterogeneous thin film Cu-Co alloys
consisting of ultrafine Co-rich precipitate particles in a Cu-rich matrix. The …

Fine magnetic particles have generated continuous interest since the late 1940s as the
study of their properties has revealed to be very challenging scientifically and …

The fabrication methods and physical properties of ordered magnetic nanostructures with
dimensions on the submicron to nanometer scale are reviewed. First, various types of …

We present measurements at 4.2 K of the magnetoresistance (MR) measured with the
current perpendicular to the layer planes (CPP) of equal and unequal thickness Ag/Co …

Variation of electrical resistance in single-crystalline Ni 50 Mn 50− x In x alloys (x= 14–16)
upon martensitic transformation was investigated. In Ni 50 Mn 35 In 15 with T m∼ 295 K⁠, a …

The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect is a very basic phenomenon that occurs in
magnetic materials ranging from nanoparticles over multilayered thin films to permanent …