There is great need for stand-alone luminescence-based chemosensors that exemplify
selectivity, sensitivity, and applicability and that overcome the challenges that arise from …

The folate receptor (FR) is a recognised biomarker for tumour cells due to its overexpression
on a large number of tumours. Consequently, the FR has been exploited by many diagnostic …

Lanthanides refer to the 15 elements located at the sixth period and IIIB group in the periodic
table, ranging from lanthanum to lutetium, with the electronic configuration of [Xe] 4f n–1 5d …

Cancer has been one of the major threats to the lives of human beings for centuries.(1)
Current cancer therapies mainly include surgery, chemotherapies, and radiotherapies …

Theranostics is a concept of integrating imaging and therapy into a single platform for use in
the next generation of personalized medicine to meet the challenges in modern health …

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has found extensive applications in chemi-sensors and
biosensors. Plasmons play different roles in different types of optical sensors. SPR …

Graphene is composed of single-atom thick sheets of sp 2 bonded carbon atoms that are
arranged in a perfect two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice. Because of this structure …

Owing to their extraordinary electrical, chemical, optical, mechanical and structural
properties, graphene and its derivatives have stimulated exploding interests in their sensor …

Lanthanide-doped inorganic nanoparticles possess superior physicochemical features such
as long-lived luminescence, large antenna-generated Stokes or anti-Stokes shifts, narrow …

Photon-upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) can be excited by near-infrared light and emit
visible light (anti-Stokes emission) which prevents autofluorescence and light scattering of …