Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise a set of abundant and functionally diverse RNA
molecules. Since the discovery of the first ncRNA in the 1960s, ncRNAs have been shown to …

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 has caused a major health and economic crisis
around the globe. Gaining knowledge about its attributes and interactions with human host …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) have
replicative and latent stages of infection. The status of the viruses is dependent on the cells …

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA
to protein via an RNA intermediate. For many years, RNA has been considered simply as a …

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for
80%–85% of total cases and leading to millions of deaths worldwide. Drug resistance is the …

Human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belong to
the Deltaretrovirus genus. HTLV-1 is the etiologic agent of the highly aggressive and …

Introduction Long-term control of HIV-1 infection can potentially be achieved using
autologous stem cell transplants with gene-modified cells. Non-coding RNAs represent a …

The utilization of the current combination of in vitro, in vivo and PCR assays for the
identification of adventitious viruses in production cells has a limited range of detection …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of regulatory noncoding RNAs, serving as major
regulators with a sequence-specific manner in multifarious biological processes. Although a …

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has created formidable damage to public health and
market economy. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 variants has exacerbated the transmission from …