Impurity do** is a promising method to impart new properties to various materials. Due to
their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties, rare-earth ions have been …

In vivo imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm), which enables
us to look deeply into living subjects, is producing marvelous opportunities for biomedical …

Lanthanide-based upconversion nanomaterials have recently attracted considerable
attention in both fundamental research and various frontier applications owing to their …

In this Review, we aim to provide an updated summary of the research related to hollow
micro-and nanostructures, covering both their synthesis and their applications. After a brief …

In vivo fluorescence imaging in the near-infrared region between 1500–1700 nm (NIR-IIb
window) affords high spatial resolution, deep-tissue penetration, and diminished auto …

Scintillators are of significance for the realization of indirect X-ray detection and X-ray
excited optical luminescence (XEOL) imaging. However, commercial bulk scintillators not …

Luminescence-based techniques continue to attract considerable attention due not only to
their current range of applications but also to their wide potential in the fields of optical …

Luminescence quenching at high dopant concentrations generally limits the dopant
concentration to less than 1–5 mol% in lanthanide-doped materials, and this remains a …

Theranostics is a concept of integrating imaging and therapy into a single platform for use in
the next generation of personalized medicine to meet the challenges in modern health …

Lanthanide pairs, which can upconvert low energy photons into higher energy photons, are
promising for efficient upconversion emission. A typical system with Yb3+ as a sensitizer can …