Constitutive receptor activity/inverse agonism and functional selectivity/biased agonism are
2 concepts in contemporary pharmacology that have major implications for the use of drugs …

At present, no European recommendations for the management of pediatric thyroid nodules
and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) exist. Differences in clinical, molecular, and …

This chapter reviews how improvements in sensitivity and specificity of thyroid function tests
[total and free thyroid hormones, TSH, thyroid autoantibodies (TRAb, TPOAb and TgAb) and …

Hyperthyroidism in children is a rare heterogeneous syndrome characterized by excessive
thyroid hormone production. Its manifestations differ according to disease severity. For all …

Fetal and neonatal dysfunctions include rare serious disorders involving abnormal thyroid
function during the second half of gestation, which may persist throughout life, as for most …

Ultrasonography (US) is an important diagnostic tool in evaluating thyroid diseases in
pediatric patients. This pictorial essay reviews the application of various ultrasound …

Recently, it has been suggested that thyrotropin (TSH) concentration can be used as a
marker for prediction of thyroid malignancy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the …

Objective Neonatal hyperthyroidism may be caused by a permanent non-autoimmune
genetic disorder or, more frequently, by maternally transmitted high serum TRAb levels …

Graves' disease (GD) is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism in children. However,
compared to adults, GD in children is a rare condition. In a recent guideline issued by the …

Introduction: Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) are generally benign,
whereas papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) are mostly non-functioning. Graves' disease …