The use of Flash-Ball® as a non-lethal weapon by several special units within the police and
police forces started in France in 1995. Little literature is available concerning injuries …

Forensic investigations of cranioencephalic ballistic trauma involve several aspects,
including the study of terminal ballistics. This includes the analysis of projectiles and the …

Since November, 2018, France has been facing violent contestation with the national so-
called yellow vests protests, resulting in about 4000 casualties. 1 We managed 21 patients …

Purpose: Rubber bullets are considered a non-lethal method of crowd control and are being
used over the world. However the literature regarding the pattern and management of these …

1. Background Law enforcement officers have a number of force options at their disposal.
One less lethal force option available to police is kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs) such as …

The main objective of this study is to develop a methodology to assess this risk based on
experimental tests versus numerical predictive head injury simulations. A total of 16 non …

The use of pellet guns during the recent unrest in Kashmir as a method of crowd control has
been questioned because of several deaths and numerous injuries. Across the world, these …

Turkey has experienced a wave of demonstrations in the summer of 2013, called Gezi Park
Demonstrations. Between 31 May and 30 August, 297 people who had been subjected to …

Purpose The present study aims to describe three cases of patients inflicted by rubber
bullets with severe facial fractures. Methods In addition, a review of English-language …

Rubber bullets weapons can have tragic consequences when used at short range and on
vulnerable body areas. A man in his forties was found deceased at his house, covered in …