Immunological memory is a cardinal feature of adaptive immunity and an important goal of
vaccination strategies. Here we highlight advances in the understanding of the diverse T …

Immune protection and lasting memory are accomplished through the generation of
phenotypically and functionally distinct CD8 T cell subsets. Understanding how these …

During persistent antigen stimulation, such as in chronic infections and cancer, CD8 T cells
differentiate into a hypofunctional programmed death protein 1–positive (PD-1+) exhausted …

One of the hallmarks of the vertebrate adaptive immune system is the prolific expansion of
individual cell clones that encounter their cognate antigen. More recently, however, there is …

In the past few decades, a number of transformative discoveries have been made regarding
memory CD8+ T cell biology; meanwhile, the CD4+ T cell field has lagged behind this …

T cells require the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 to detect and respond to antigen
because it activates the Src family kinase Lck, which phosphorylates the T cell antigen …

The nuclear orphan receptors NR4A1, NR4A2, and NR4A3 are immediate early genes that
are induced by various signals. They act as transcription factors and their activity is not …

Non‐human primates, primarily macaques, have been used to study tuberculosis for
decades. However, in the last 15 years, this model has been refined substantially to allow …

Transcriptional regulation during CD4+ T cell fate decisions enables their differentiation into
distinct states, guiding immune responses toward antibody production via Tfh cells or …

The adaptive immune system protects its host from a myriad of pathogens. This ability stems
from a vast set of lymphocytes, each with a different antigen receptor, a small number of …