NRLMSIS® 2.0 is an empirical atmospheric model that extends from the ground to the
exobase and describes the average observed behavior of temperature, eight species …

Little is known about climate change effects in the transition region between the Earth's
atmosphere and space, roughly at 80–120 km. Some of the earliest observations in this …

We have updated long‐term trends in mesopause temperature, airglow emission intensities,
and noctilucent clouds (NLCs) based on ground‐based observations conducted in the …

We analyze the gravity waves (GWs) from the ground to the thermosphere during 11–14
January 2016 using the nudged HI Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model. We find …

Time series of mesospheric temperature and pressure altitude are produced through
combining observations by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Sounding of the …

A sporadic case of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) was observed unexpectedly on the night of the
6–7 July 2020 in Bei**g (40° 2′ N, 115° 30′ E). The noticeable wavy structures and …

Trends derived from the Leibniz-Institute Middle Atmosphere Model (LIMA) and the MIMAS
ice particle model (Mesospheric Ice Microphysics And tranSport model) are presented for a …

Noctilucent clouds (NLC) are sensitive indicators in the upper mesosphere, reflecting
changes in the background atmosphere. Studying NLC responses to the solar cycle is …

Polar mesospheric clouds (PMC), or noctilucent clouds, can be observed over high latitudes
with the naked eye from the ground or from space near the summer solstice. PMC are …

Recent advances in data processing from the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS)
instrument on the NASA Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere satellite allow observation of …