The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial
communities has opened up a new field in biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now …

Microbes exist in a range of metabolic states (for example, dormant, active and growing) and
analysis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is frequently employed to identify the 'active'fraction of …

All animals on Earth form associations with microorganisms, including protists, bacteria,
archaea, fungi, and viruses. In the ocean, animal–microbial relationships were historically …

Microbiota provide their hosts with a range of beneficial services, including defense from
external pathogens. However, host-associated microbial communities themselves can act as …

The study of complex microbial communities poses unique conceptual and analytical
challenges, with microbial species potentially numbering in the thousands. With transient or …

ABSTRACT A paradigm shift has recently transformed the field of biological science;
molecular advances have revealed how fundamentally important microorganisms are to …

Sponges are functionally important components of global benthic environments and have
been proposed as potential winners under future climate scenarios. We review the evidence …

Defining the organisation of species interaction networks and unveiling the processes
behind their assembly is fundamental to understanding patterns of biodiversity, community …

Large-scale mortality of marine invertebrates is a major global concern for ocean
ecosystems and many sessile, reef-building animals, such as sponges and corals, are …

Long-lasting high temperature and bacterial exposure are two critical environmental factors
contributing to the mass mortality of oysters in summer. In this study, we investigated the …