One of the more robust results of greenhouse gas‐induced climate change to emerge from
chemistry‐climate and climate model projections in the last decade is, depending on the …

As a result of the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its amendments, the atmospheric loading of
anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances is decreasing. Accordingly, the stratospheric …

Present day tropospheric ozone and its changes between 1850 and 2100 are considered,
analysing 15 global models that participated in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate …

For several decades, jets and fronts have been known from observations to be significant
sources of internal gravity waves in the atmosphere. Motivations to investigate these waves …

Three types of reference simulations, as recommended by the Chemistry–Climate Model
Initiative (CCMI), have been performed with version 2.51 of the European Centre for Medium …

We present an overview of state-of-the-art chemistry–climate and chemistry transport models
that are used within phase 1 of the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1). The CCMI …

Recent observational and theoretical studies of the global properties of small‐scale
atmospheric gravity waves have highlighted the global effects of these waves on the …

The extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (Ex‐UTLS) is a transition region
between the stratosphere and the troposphere. The Ex‐UTLS includes the tropopause, a …

Tropical climate and the composition of the global upper atmosphere are affected by the
tropical tropopause layer—the atmospheric transition zone between the well-mixed …

Stratospheric ozone and water vapour are key components of the Earth system, and past
and future changes to both have important impacts on global and regional climate. Here, we …