Sample preparation is an important step when working with extremely low concentrations of
analytes and complex matrices. Conventional extraction methods consume large amounts of …

The present review, the first of a series of three, aims to describe recent developments in
solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology in the fields of environmental analysis …

An analytical technique is described which combines solvent extraction with gas
chromatographic (GC) analysis in a simple and inexpensive apparatus involving very little …

The analysis of organic contaminants in air, water, and soil has become more and more
important because of ever-increasing environmental concerns. The development of simple …

Trichoderma species are applied as biological control agents and biofertilizers to control
plant diseases and enhance crop yields. The ability to inhibit pathogens, induce defense …

The main objective of this contribution is to describe the development of the concepts,
techniques and devices associated with solid-phase microextraction, as a response to the …

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the
extraction process. An understanding of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) theory provides …

The development of techniques to monitor levels of biologically active compounds in living
systems in natural environments is currently an important research topic of interest. 1r5 The …

Recently, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was successfully coupled to high-
performance liquid chromatography. However, the efficiency of this analytical method, in …

In recent years, much attention in analytical chemistry has been paid to sample preparation
techniques, especially those which minimise the consumption of organic solvents. One of …