BACKGROUND Comparing patterns of terrestrial and marine defaunation helps to place
human impacts on marine fauna in context and to navigate toward recovery. Defaunation …

Anthropocene defaunation, the global extinction of faunal species and populations and the
decline in abundance of individuals within populations, has been predominantly …

Marine megafauna, the largest animals in the oceans, serve key roles in ecosystem
functioning. Yet, one-third of these animals are at risk of extinction. To better understand the …

Coral reefs are in global decline with coral diseases playing a significant role. This is
especially true for Acroporid corals that represent~ 25% of all Pacific coral species and …

Baleen and sperm whales, known collectively as the great whales, include the largest
animals in the history of life on Earth. With high metabolic demands and large populations …

An understanding of risks to biodiversity is needed for planning action to slow current rates
of decline and secure ecosystem services for future human use. Although the IUCN Red List …

▪ Abstract We review the evidence of regime shifts in terrestrial and aquatic environments in
relation to resilience of complex adaptive ecosystems and the functional roles of biological …

There is growing recognition of the important roles played by predators in regulating
ecosystems and sustaining biodiversity. Much attention has focused on the consequences of …

Pelagic marine predators face unprecedented challenges and uncertain futures.
Overexploitation and climate variability impact the abundance and distribution of top …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …