The macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the oral cavity is complex and unique in the
human body. Soft-tissue structures are in close interaction with mineralized bone, but also …

Apical periodontitis caused by root canal infection is the most frequent pathological lesion in
the jaws, mainly manifested as periapical granulomas and cysts. Understanding of the …

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral opportunistic bacterium that can cause different
infections. In recent years, studies have shown that F. nucleatum is enriched in lesions in …

Both lesions of endodontic origin and periodontal diseases involve the host response to
bacteria and the formation of osteolytic lesions. Important for both is the upregulation of …

Apical periodontitis is an oral common inflammatory disease initiated by infection of pulp
chamber and is characterized by destruction and resorption of the periapical bone. As a …

Objectives This review article discusses the host response in apical periodontitis with the
main focus on cytokines, produced under this pathological condition and contributing to the …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders. DM is characterized
by hyperglycaemia, resulting in wound healing difficulties and systemic and oral …

Apical periodontitis (AP) is a dental-driven condition caused by pathogens and their toxins
infecting the inner portion of the tooth (ie., dental pulp tissue), resulting in inflammation and …

Previous studies demonstrate that the balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory
mediators determines the stable or progressive nature of periapical granulomas by …

INTRODUCTION: Cysts and granulomas are chronic periapical lesions mediated by a set of
inflammatory mediators that develop to contain a periapical infection. This study analyzed …