Advances in the biological sciences have led to an ongoing paradigm shift in toxicity testing
based on expanded application of high-throughput in vitro screening and in silico methods …

A comprehensive summary of more than 450 estrogenic chemicals including estrogenic
endocrine disruptors is provided here to understand the complex and profound impact of …

During the past few decades, the science of toxicology has been undergoing a
transformation from observational to predictive science. New approach methodologies …

We previously integrated dosimetry and exposure with high-throughput screening (HTS) to
enhance the utility of ToxCast HTS data by translating in vitro bioactivity concentrations to …

Concern regarding the reproducibility of observations in life science research has emerged
in recent years, particularly in view of unfavorable experiences with preclinical in vivo …

Abstract Next-Generation Risk Assessment is defined as an exposure-led, hypothesis-driven
risk assessment approach that integrates new approach methodologies (NAMs) to assure …

Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip technology aims to replace animal toxicity testing, but thus far
has demonstrated few advantages over traditional methods. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays …

Multiple non-animal-based test methods have never been formally validated. In order to use
such new approach methods (NAMs) in a regulatory context, criteria to define their …

Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) can cause brain damage and diseases. Of note,
ultrafine particles (UFPs) with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 100 nm are a …

The liver's role in metabolism of chemicals makes it an appropriate tissue for toxicity testing.
Current testing protocols, such as animal testing and two-dimensional liver cell systems …