Parallel evolution of similar traits by independent populations in similar environments is
considered strong evidence for adaptation by natural selection. Often, however, replicate …

Ecological speciation is the process by which reproductively isolated populations emerge as
a consequence of divergent natural or ecologically-mediated sexual selection. Most …

Recent research provides accumulating evidence that the evolutionary dynamics of host–
parasite adaptations strongly depend on environmental variation. In this context, the three …

Parallel speciation occurs when selection drives repeated, independent adaptive
divergence that reduces gene flow between ecotypes. Classical examples show parallel …

Evidence of phenotypic parallelism is often used to infer the deterministic role played by
natural selection. However, variation in the extent or direction of divergence is often evident …

Parallelism, the evolution of similar traits in populations diversifying in similar conditions,
provides strong evidence of adaptation by natural selection. Many studies of parallelism …

Restoring biodiversity-rich grasslands within cultivated matrices represents a real
conservation challenge. One set of options consists in adopting less disruptive mowing …

Parallel local adaptation, that is, when distinct genetic lineages independently adapt to the
same selective environment, provides strong evidence for the action of natural selection. A …

Recent studies have shown that the repeated evolution of similar phenotypes in response to
similar ecological conditions (here “parallel evolution”) often occurs through mutations in the …

Background The evolution of ecological divergence in closely related species is a key
component of adaptive radiation. However, in most examples of adaptive radiation the …