The prediction of radio signal transmission in tunnels is important for wireless
communication link design as it enables the delivery of optimum power to the intended …

In recent years, various techniques have been applied to modeling radio-wave propagation
in railway networks, each one presenting its own advantages and limitations. This paper …

Double-shield TBM is more efficient than shield tunnel construction in hard rock strata. It is
widely used in subway tunnel construction, such as in Qingdao and Chongqing in China …

Vector parabolic equation (VPE) methods have been widely applied to the modeling of radio-
wave propagation in tunnel environments, offering high computational efficiency and fidelity …

The vector parabolic equation (VPE) method is a very efficient methodology for high-fidelity
modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation. While the VPE has been widely applied to …

Propagation models are essential for the prediction of received signal strength and the
planning of wireless systems in a given environment. The vector parabolic equation (VPE) …

Radio wave propagation modelling in railway environments is of fundamental importance in
designing reliable train communication systems. Parabolic equation (PE) methods have …

Radio-wave propagation modeling in tunnels plays an important role in designing reliable
train communication systems. In recent years, various channel modeling techniques have …

Physics-based wireless propagation modeling and network protocol design have evolved
over decades as orthogonal areas in communication systems research. This fragmented …

Communication-based train-control (CBTC) systems are aimed at replacing conventional
rail signaling with train control enabled by wireless communication between the train and a …