Macrophages are very important in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The
increase in the number of sublining macrophages in the synovium is an early hallmark of …

Waddington's epigenetic landscape is an abstract metaphor frequently used to represent the
relationship between gene activity and cell fates during development. Over the past few …

Annotating the molecular basis of human disease remains an unsolved challenge, as 93%
of disease loci are non-coding and gene-regulatory annotations are highly incomplete …

INTRODUCTION During development, a single-cell zygote undergoes repeated cell
divisions to produce an embryo that contains many distinct cell types. This sequence of cell …

INTRODUCTION Metazoan development represents a big jump in complexity compared
with unicellular life in two aspects: cell-type differentiation and cell spatial organization. In …

Macrophages are critical for innate immune defense and also control organ homeostasis in
a tissue-specific manner. They provide a fitting model to study the impact of ontogeny and …

The dynamics of haematopoietic stem cell differentiation and the hierarchy of oligopotent
stem cells in the bone marrow remain controversial. Here we dissect haematopoietic …

Delineating hierarchical cellular states, including rare intermediates and the networks of
regulatory genes that orchestrate cell-type specification, are continuing challenges for …

The CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) is activated by the homodimeric growth factors colony-
stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34). It plays important roles in …

Abstract G-CSF and GM-CSF are used widely to promote the production of granulocytes or
APCs. The US Food and Drug Administration approved G-CSF (filgrastim) for the treatment …