The ocean is home to a diverse and metabolically versatile microbial community that
performs the complex biochemical transformations that drive the nitrogen cycle, including …

BACKGROUND Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation, the reduction of atmospheric N2 to
ammonia, is important for maintaining the fertility of the oceans by providing biologically …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

This article describes the new Earth system model (ESM), the Model for Interdisciplinary
Research on Climate, Earth System version 2 for Long-term simulations (MIROC-ES2L) …

Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life's fundamental biomolecules, and it is also a participant in
environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount and form of N …

Nitrogen (N2) fixation in oligotrophic surface waters is the main source of new nitrogen to the
ocean and has a key role in fuelling the biological carbon pump. Oceanic N2 fixation has …

Phosphorus (P) is essential for life, but most of the global surface ocean is P depleted, which
can limit marine productivity and affect ecosystem structure. Over recent decades, a wealth …

Marine diazotrophs convert dinitrogen (N 2) gas into bioavailable nitrogen (N), supporting
life in the global ocean. In 2012, the first version of the global oceanic diazotroph database …

Abstract Subtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are
conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted …

Nitrogenase is the only known biological enzyme capable of reducing N2 to bioavailable
NH3. Most nitrogenases use Mo as a metallocofactor, while alternative cofactors V and Fe …