Abstract In the Miocene (23–5 Ma), a large wetland known as the Pebas System
characterized western Amazonia. During the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (c. 17–15 …

The unparalleled biodiversity found in the American tropics (the Neotropics) has attracted
the attention of naturalists for centuries. Despite major advances in recent years in our …

INTRODUCTION Individual processes that shape geographical patterns of biodiversity are
increasingly understood, but their complex interactions on broad spatial and temporal scales …

Aim The aim was to examine the links between past biome stability, vegetation dynamics
and biodiversity patterns. Location South America. Time period Last 30,000 years. Major …

Abstract The Atlantic rainforest of Brazil harbors outstanding species richness and levels of
endemism, representing one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth. Yet, a lot is still …

Aim Paleogeographic changes have had profound effects on the evolution and diversity of
the Neotropical biota. However, the influence of marine incursions on the origin …

Abstract The Atlantic Forest is a heterogeneous and complex vegetation mosaic caused by
variety of climatic, geomorphological, and edaphic conditions. It has long been known that …

Abstract The Caatinga Dominion in Northeastern Brazil represents the largest semiarid
phytogeographical area in South America. It was understudied during the twentieth century …

Identifying the ecological factors that shape parasite distributions remains a central goal in
disease ecology. These factors include dispersal capability, environmental filters and …

South American drylands roughly form two diagonals both termed in the biogeographical
literature as the" South American dry diagonal"(SADD). However, they correspond to two …