CD45 is an evolutionary highly conserved receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase exclusively
expressed on all nucleated cells of the hematopoietic system. It is characterized by the …

Our understanding of the fundamental regulatory roles that tyrosine phosphatases play
within cells has advanced significantly in the last two decades. Out-dated ideas that tyrosine …

Cyclic heptapeptide cyclo (FΦRRRRQ)(cFΦR4, where Φ is l-2-naphthylalanine) was
recently found to be efficiently internalized by mammalian cells. In this study, its mechanism …

Cyclic peptides hold great potential as therapeutic agents and research tools, but their broad
application has been limited by poor membrane permeability. Here, we report a potentially …

T cells depend on the phosphatase CD45 to initiate T cell receptor signaling. Although the
critical role of CD45 in T cells is established, the mechanisms controlling function and …

Phosphatases play key roles in normal physiology and diseases. Studying phosphatases
has been both essential and challenging, and the application of conventional genetic and …

Protein phosphatases have both protective and promoting roles in the etiology of diseases.
A prominent example is the existence of oncogenic as well as tumor-suppressing protein …

A general strategy was developed for the intracellular delivery of linear peptidyl ligands
through fusion to a cell‐penetrating peptide and cyclization of the fusion peptides via a …

Continuous contact with self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands is essential for
survival of naïve T cells but not memory cells. This surprising finding implies that T cell …

Humoral immunity relies on the efficient differentiation of memory B cells (MBCs) into
antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). T helper (Th) signals upregulate B cell receptor (BCR) …