This study investigated whether task complexity influences second language (L2) writers'
fluency, pausing, and revision behaviors and the cognitive processes underlying these …

Instruction tuning plays a critical role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human
preference. Despite the vast amount of open instruction datasets, naively training a LLM on …

Indices of lexical diversity have been used to estimate the size of a writer's vocabulary
and/or a writer's lexical proficiency for some time. One issue with many commonly used …

This article reports on the first results of a large-scale research programme that aims to
define and circumscribe the construct of phraseological complexity and to theoretically and …

This study investigates how the lexical and syntactic characteristics of L2 learners' academic
writing change over the course of a one-month long intensive English for Academic …

The range, variety, or diversity of words found in learners' language use is believed to reflect
the complexity of their vocabulary knowledge as well as the level of their language …

This volume is the first handbook dedicated to language attrition, the study of how a
speaker's language may be affected by crosslinguistic interference and non-use. The effects …

This study contributes to ongoing discussions on how measures of lexical diversity (LD) can
help discriminate between essays from second language learners of English, whose work …

Recent developments in machine translation, such as in Google Translate, may help second
language (L2) writers produce texts in the target language according to their intended …

This paper presents an investigation of lexical first language (L1) attrition, asking how a
decrease in lexical accessibility manifests itself in long-term residents in a second language …