Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading
cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and …

Atherosclerosis, a dominant and growing cause of death and disability worldwide, involves
inflammation from its inception to the emergence of complications. Targeting inflammatory …

Recent advances in human genetics, together with a large body of epidemiologic,
preclinical, and clinical trial results, provide strong support for a causal association between …

Accumulating evidence points to the causal role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their
cholesterol-enriched remnants in atherogenesis. Genetic studies in particular have not only …

OP-EHEA191011_online 2313..2340 Page 1 Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus …

Apolipoprotein (apo) B, the critical structural protein of the atherogenic lipoproteins, has two
major isoforms: apoB48 and apoB100. ApoB48 is found in chylomicrons and chylomicron …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a major cell type present at all stages of an
atherosclerotic plaque. According to the 'response to injury'and 'vulnerable …

Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima in which the
balance of pro-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving mechanisms dictates the final …

Aims To appraise the clinical and genetic evidence that low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods and results We assessed …

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide
and has been characterized as a chronic immunoinflammatory, fibroproliferative disease …