Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from
diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response …

In plant innate immunity, individual cells have the capacity to sense and respond to
pathogen attack. Intracellular recognition mechanisms have evolved to intercept …

Plants can be colonized by fungi that have adopted highly diverse lifestyles, ranging from
symbiotic to necrotrophic. Colonization is governed in all systems by hundreds of secreted …

Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants enable them
to respond to pathogens by activating the production of defence metabolites that orchestrate …

The fungal kingdom comprises some of the most devastating plant pathogens. Sequencing
the genomes of fungal pathogens has shown a remarkable variability in genome size and …

Animal and plant immune systems use intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization
domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogens, resulting in the activation of …

Fungi and oomycetes include deep and diverse lineages of eukaryotic plant pathogens. The
last 10 years have seen the sequencing of the genomes of a multitude of species of these so …

Microbial pathogens infect host cells by delivering virulence factors (effectors) that interfere
with defenses. In plants, intracellular nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat receptors …

Plants coordinately use cell‐surface and intracellular immune receptors to perceive
pathogens and mount an immune response. Intracellular events of pathogen recognition are …

Resistance (R) proteins recognize pathogen avirulence (Avr) proteins by direct or indirect
binding and are multidomain proteins generally carrying a nucleotide binding (NB) and a …