Combining nuclear (nuDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers has improved the
power of molecular data to test phylogenetic and phylogeographic hypotheses and has …

High-altitude environments provide ideal testing grounds for investigations of mechanism
and process in physiological adaptation. In vertebrates, much of our understanding of the …

To cope with the reduced availability of O2 at high altitude, air-breathing vertebrates have
evolved myriad adjustments in the cardiorespiratory system to match tissue O2 delivery with …

Flap** flight is energetically more costly than running, although it is less costly to fly a
given body mass a given distance per unit time than it is for a similar mass to run the same …

Bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) fly at up to 9,000 m elevation during their migration over
the Himalayas, sustaining high metabolic rates in the severe hypoxia at these altitudes. We …

Background The adaptive evolution of plateau indigenous animals is a current research
focus. However, phenotypic adaptation is complex and may involve the interactions between …

Elucidating the molecular genetic basis of adaptive traits is a central goal of evolutionary
genetics. The cold, hypoxic conditions of high-altitude habitats impose severe metabolic …

Key points Mitochondrial function changes over time at high altitudes, but the potential
benefits of these changes for hypoxia resistance remains unclear. We used high‐altitude …

Discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA has been noted in many systems.
Asymmetric introgression of mitochondria is a common cause of such discordances …

Birds that fly over mountain barriers must be capable of meeting the increased energetic
cost of climbing in low-density air, even though less oxygen may be available to support …