In this commentary, we describe the current state of the art of points of interest (POIs) as
digital, spatial datasets, both in terms of their quality and affordings, and how they are used …

Properties of spatially explicit data are often ignored or inadequately handled in machine
learning for spatial domains of application. At the same time, resources that would identify …

The field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be roughly divided into two branches: Symbolic
Artificial Intelligence and Connectionist Artificial Intelligence (or so-called Subsymbolic AI) …

Many detailed geoscience reports lie unused, offering both challenges and opportunities for
information extraction. In geoscience research, geological named entity recognition (GNER) …

Toponym recognition, or the challenge of detecting place names that have a similar referent,
is involved in a number of activities connected to geographical information retrieval and …

The field of Spatial Humanities has advanced substantially in the past years. The
identification and extraction of toponyms and spatial information mentioned in historical text …

Temporal information extraction from social media messages is of critical importance to
several geographical applications. Combined with the characteristics of temporal …

Address matching is a crucial step in geocoding, which plays an important role in urban
planning and management. To date, the unprecedented development of location-based …

Geological knowledge can provide support for knowledge discovery, knowledge inference
and mineralization predictions of geological big data. Entity identification and relationship …

Many natural language tasks related to geographic information retrieval (GIR) require
toponym recognition, and identifying Chinese toponyms from social media messages to …