The neuroscience of volition is an emerging subfield of the brain sciences, with hundreds of
papers on the role of consciousness in action formation published each year. This makes …

Background Motor dysfunction profoundly affects individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) targeting the supplementary motor area (SMA), a …

Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified into an akinetic-rigid (AR) and a tremor-dominant
(TD) subtype based on predominant motor symptoms. Patients with different motor subtypes …

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) modulates basal ganglia output and plays a fundamental
role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Blockade/ablation of the STN …

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is implicated in planning, execution, and control of
speech production and limb movement. The SMA is among putative generators of pre …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of selectively vulnerable
neurons within the basal ganglia circuit and progressive atrophy in subcortical and cortical …

Objective Locomotion is an automated voluntary movement sustained by coordinated neural
synchronization across a distributed brain network. The cerebral cortex is central for …

Background Emerging evidence suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS) generally improves Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms. However, personal …

Stereotypical isocortical tau protein pathology along the Braak stages has been described
as an instigator of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Less is known about tau …

Multiple studies suggest that Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with changes in
neuronal activity throughout the basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor circuit. There are …