Mono alkyl fatty acid ester or methyl ethyl esters (biodiesel) are the promising alternative for
fossil fuel or petroleum derived diesel with similar properties and could reduce the carbon …

Heterogeneous catalysis has provided a viable alternative to homogeneous catalysis for the
production of low-cost biodiesel fuel, overcoming the constraints of homogeneous catalysis …

An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with
exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy …

The mono-alkyl esters, most commonly the methyl esters, of vegetable oils, animal fats or
other materials consisting mainly of triacylglycerols, often referred to as biodiesel, are an …

Since the industrial revolution, the rapid growth and development of global industries have
depended largely upon the utilization of coal-derived chemicals, and more recently, the …

Catalysts play a significant role in transesterification of vegetable oils. Currently, chemical
and biological catalysts are being investigated, and both have their inherent merits and …

The search for alternatives to petroleum-based fuels has led to the development of fuels
from various sources, including renewable feedstocks such as fats and oils. Several types of …

As a highly efficient and environmentally friendly biocatalyst, immobilized lipase has
received incredible interest among the biotechnology community for the production of …

Different methods of preparing lipases for use in organic media are critically reviewed. Solid
lipase preparations can be made by typical immobilisation methods such as adsorption …

The sustainability of petroleum-based fuel supply has gained broad attention from the global
community due to the increase of usage in various sectors, depletion of petroleum …