Nowadays, the emissions from conventional vehicles significantly contribute to increasingly
serious environmental issues. In addition, the energy crisis and the low energy efficiency of …

A microgrid can be formed by the integration of different components such as loads,
renewable/conventional units, and energy storage systems in a local area. Microgrids with …

The hybrid energy storage system is a promising candidate for electrically driven vehicles
that enables superior capabilities compared to the single energy storage source. The energy …

Owing to the constantly rising energy demand, Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)-equipped
vehicles are being replaced by Electric Vehicles (EVs). The other advantage of using EVs is …

Abstract Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are facing difficulties in the aspect of splitting the
demand power between various drivetrain components. To negate this issue an efficient …

This paper presents an experimental study on a semi-active hybrid energy storage system
consisting of a battery pack and a supercapacitor pack for electric vehicle application. First, a …

In this work it is shown that artificial neural networks have certain characteristics that make
them advantageous in the development of controllers in the different levels of control that …

A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle requires fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, controllers and
smart control units with their control strategies. The controller ensures that a control strategy …

Electrification is an evolving paradigm shift in the transportation industry toward more
efficient, higher performance, safer, smarter, and more reliable vehicles. There is in fact a …

This paper deals with the real-time energy management strategies for a hybrid energy
storage system (HESS), including a battery and a supercapacitor (SC), for an electric city …