Over long periods of time (~ Ma), we may consider the oceans, atmosphere and biosphere
as a single exospheric reservoir for CO2. The geological carbon cycle describes the inputs …

Explosive volcanic eruptions constitute a major class of natural hazard with potentially
profound economic and societal consequences. Although such eruptions cannot be …

In this study, we conducted a literature review of relevant research and then statistically
analyzed global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from natural systems, including forest …

The TRAPPIST-1 planetary system provides an unprecedented opportunity to study
terrestrial exoplanet evolution with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and ground …

Volcanism and metamorphism are the principal geologic processes that drive carbon
transfer from the interior of Earth to the surface reservoir. 1–4 Input of carbon to the surface …

It is generally accepted, but not experimentally proven, that a quantitative prediction of
volcanic eruptions is possible from the evaluation of volcanic gas data. By discussing the …

Volcanoes emit larger amounts of volcanic gas than can be dissolved in the volume of
erupted magma during a variety of volcanic processes, including explosive and effusive …

Some 300–600 Tg of volatiles are globally vented each year by arc volcanism. Such arc gas
emissions have contributed to past and present-day evolution of the Earth atmosphere and …

Accurate terrestrial biosphere model (TBM) simulations of gross carbon uptake (gross
primary productivity–GPP) are essential for reliable future terrestrial carbon sink projections …

A portable multi-sensor system was developed to measure volcanic plumes in order to
estimate the chemical composition and temperature of volcanic gases. The multi-sensor …