Regeneration and tissue repair processes consist of a sequence of molecular and cellular
events which occur after the onset of a tissue lesion in order to restore the damaged tissue …

More than a hundred genes have been identified that, when disrupted, impart large risk for
autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Current knowledge about the encoded proteins—although …

The cloning of the founding member of the Hedgehog (HH) family of secreted proteins two
decades ago inaugurated a field that has diversified to encompass embryonic development …

Abstract The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway was first identified in the common fruit fly. It
is a highly conserved evolutionary pathway of signal transmission from the cell membrane to …

Self-organizing neural organoids grown from pluripotent stem cells,–combined with single-
cell genomic technologies provide opportunities to examine gene regulatory networks …

Brain development is an extraordinarily complex process achieved through the spatially and
temporally regulated release of key patterning factors. In vitro neurodevelopmental models …

Since their isolation in the early 1990s, members of the Hedgehog family of intercellular
signaling proteins have come to be recognized as key mediators of many fundamental …

Intercellular signaling molecules, known as morphogens, act at a long range in develo**
tissues to provide spatial information and control properties such as cell fate and tissue …

Targeted gene disruption in the mouse shows that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene plays a
critical role in patterning of vertebrate embryonic tissues, including the brain and spinal cord …

The zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) is a region at the posterior margin of the limb bud that
induces mirrorimage duplications when grafted to the anterior of a second limb. We have …