Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the
extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are …

Multicellular organisms are composed of diverse cell types that must coordinate their
behaviors through communication. Cell–cell communication (CCC) is essential for growth …

The pro-inflammatory immune response driven by microglia is a key contributor to the
pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Though the research of microglia …

Rationale: Microglia play a critical role in modulating cell death and neurobehavioral
recovery in response to brain injury either by direct cell-cell interaction or indirect secretion …

Microglia are ramified cells that exhibit highly motile processes, which continuously survey
the brain parenchyma and react to any insult to the CNS homeostasis. Although microglia …

Immune processes have a vital role in CNS homeostasis, resilience and brain reserve. Our
cognitive and social abilities rely on a highly sensitive and fine-tuned equilibrium of immune …

The mammalian brain is a complex organ comprising neurons, glia, and more than 1× 1014
synapses. Neurons are a heterogeneous group of electrically active cells, which form the …

Background Recent studies suggest that microglia contribute to tau pathology progression in
Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid plaque accumulation transforms microglia, the primary innate …

Long-and short-distance communication can take multiple forms. Among them are
exosomes and ectosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the cell to deliver …

Functional neural competence and integrity require interactive exchanges among sensory
and motor neurons, interneurons and glial cells. Recent studies have attributed some of the …