Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce both relapses and relapse-associated
worsening of disability, which is assumed to be mainly associated with transient infiltration of …

The factor that is most relevant and strongly associated with the clinical course of multiple
sclerosis is chronological age. Very young patients exclusively have relapsing remitting …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions that do not resolve in the months after they form harbour
ongoing demyelination and axon degeneration, and are identifiable in vivo by their …

Chronic active lesions (CAL) are an important manifestation of chronic inflammation in
multiple sclerosis and have implications for non-relapsing biological progression. In recent …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with a relapsing–remitting disease
course at early stages, distinct lesion characteristics in cortical grey versus subcortical white …

MRI has improved the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis, but inappropriate image
interpretation and application of MRI diagnostic criteria contribute to misdiagnosis. Some …

Importance In multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic active lesions, which previously could only be
detected at autopsy, can now be identified on susceptibility-based magnetic resonance …

Importance Biomarkers distinguishing nonrelapsing progressive disease biology from
relapsing biology in multiple sclerosis (MS) are lacking. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an …

Background Tolebrutinib is an oral, CNS-penetrant, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine
kinase, an enzyme expressed in B lymphocytes and myeloid cells including microglia, which …

Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic techniques are widely used in humans both
for clinical diagnostic applications and in basic research areas such as cognitive …