Abstract In 1983, Russell Lande and Stevan Arnold published “The measurement of
selection on correlated characters,” which became a highly influential citation classic in …

There is a widespread view that the process of adaptation in complex systems is made
difficult due to an evolutionary cost of complexity that is reflected in lower evolvability. This …

Rates of evolution get smaller when they are measured over longer time intervals. As first
shown by Gingerich, rates of morphological change measured from fossil time series show a …

Many species in the animal kingdom are characterized by alternative mating tactics (AMTs)
within a sex. In males, such tactics include mate guarding versus sneaking behaviours, or …

Recent calls for a revision of standard evolutionary theory (SET) are based partly on
arguments about the reciprocal causation. Reciprocal causation means that cause–effect …

The acquisition of nutrients is fundamental for the maintenance of bodily functions, growth,
and reproduction in animals. As a result, fitness can be maximized only when animals are …

Despite considerable interest in temporal and spatial variation of phenotypic selection, very
few methods allow quantifying this variation while correctly accounting for the error variance …

The origin of species remains a central question, and recent research focuses on the role of
ecological differences in promoting speciation. Ecological differences create opportunities …

Although many selection estimates have been published, the environmental factors that
cause selection to vary in space and time have rarely been identified. One way to identify …

A major challenge in evolutionary biology is understanding how stochastic and deterministic
factors interact and influence macroevolutionary dynamics in natural populations. One …