In recent years, neutrophils have attracted increasing attention because of their cancer-
promoting effects. An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is considered a prognostic …

Modulation of the biochemical composition of the tumour microenvironment is a new frontier
of cancer therapy. Several immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in the milieu of most …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self‐renewable cell types that are identified in most types of
liquid and solid cancers and contributed to tumor onset, expansion, resistance, recurrence …

Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with high mortality due to difficulties in its early
diagnosis and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment induced by interactions between …

Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as an important platform to elucidate new
treatments and biomarkers in oncology. PDX models are used to address clinically relevant …

Host defence peptides (HDPs) are short, cationic amphipathic peptides with diverse
sequences that are produced by various cells and tissues in all complex life forms. HDPs …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are self-renewing cells that facilitate tumor initiation, promote
metastasis, and enhance cancer therapy resistance. Transcriptomic analyses across many …

Cancer cells adapt cellular metabolism to cope with their high proliferation rate. Instead of
primarily using oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), cancer cells use less efficient …

Tumor immunity represents a new avenue for cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors
have successfully improved outcomes in several tumor types. In addition, currently, immune …

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most aggressive type of common cancers, and in 2014, nearly
40000 patients died from the disease in the United States. Pancreatic ductal …