The hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis is a complex system of neuroendocrine pathways
and feedback loops that function to maintain physiological homeostasis. Abnormal …

The neuropeptide oxytocin has attracted great attention of the general public, basic
neuroscience researchers, psychologists, and psychiatrists due to its profound pro-social …

During pandemics, governments take drastic actions to prevent the spreading of the
disease, as seen during the present COVID-19 crisis. Sanctions of lockdown, social …

Introduction Sex bias has been an issue in many biomedical fields, especially in
neuroscience. In rodent research, many scientists only focused on male animals due to the …

Sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to acute stress occur in both animals and
humans. In rodents, stressors such as restraint and novelty induce a greater activation of the …

Social animal species present a vast repertoire of social interactions when encountering
conspecifics. Reproduction-related behaviors, such as mating, parental care, and …

Chronic stress exerts multiple negative effects on the physiology and health of an individual.
In the present study, we examined hypothalamic, pituitary and endocrine responses to 14 …

Androgens play a pivotal role during development. These gonadal hormones and their
receptors exert organizational actions that shape brain morphology in regions controlling the …

This review describes the role of social isolation in the development of anxiety and
depression-like behavior in rodents. The duration of social isolation, age from onset of social …

Oxytocin has recently gained significant attention because of its role in the pathophysiology
and management of dominant neuropsychiatric disorders. Oxytocin, a peptide hormone …