Hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B viruses) cause transient and chronic infections of the liver.
Transient infections run a course of several months, and chronic infections are often lifelong …

Palacı́n, Manuel, Raúl Estévez, Joan Bertran, and Antonio Zorzano. Molecular Biology of
Mammalian Plasma Membrane Amino Acid Transporters. Physiol. Rev. 78: 969–1054, 1998 …

Synthesis and sorting of lipids are essential for membrane biogenesis; however, the
mechanisms underlying the transport of membrane lipids remain little understood. Ceramide …

These studies show that miR-122, a 22-nucleotide microRNA, is derived from a liver-
specificnon-coding polyadenylated RNA transcribed from the gene hcr. The exact sequence …

Normal somatic cells have a finite life span [1] and lose telomeric DNA, present at the ends
of chromosomes, each time they divide as a function of age in vivo or in culture [2–4]. In …

THE protein Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is essential for a variety of patterning events during
development. It is the signal from the notochord that induces ventral cell fate in the neural …

Promoter-proximal pausing by initiated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and regulated release of
paused polymerase into productive elongation has emerged as a major mechanism of …

In most regions of the brain, the uptake of glutamate and other anionic excitatory amino
acids from the circulation is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In most animals, the …

Over the last 50 yr, the study of intestinal peptide transport has rapidly evolved into a field
with exciting nutritional and biomedical applications. In this review, we describe from a …

Viruses have often been observed in association with the dense microvilli of polarized
epithelia as well as the filopodia of nonpolarized cells, yet whether interactions with these …