Hair is a primary characteristic of mammals, and exerts a wide range of functions including
thermoregulation, physical protection, sensory activity, and social interactions. The hair shaft …

Historically, the term 'keratin'stood for all of the proteins extracted from skin modifications,
such as horns, claws and hooves. Subsequently, it was realized that this keratin is actually a …

Homology—a similar trait shared by different species and derived from common ancestry,
such as a seal's fin and a bird's wing—is one of the most fundamental yet challenging …

All humans share certain components of tooth structure, but show variation in size and
morphology around this shared pattern. This book presents a worldwide synthesis of the …

Gene regulatory networks are the most complex, extensive control systems found in nature.
The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in …

Embryonic hair follicle induction and formation are regulated by mesenchymal–epithelial
interactions between specialized dermal cells and epidermal stem cells that switch to a hair …

In the age of stem cell engineering it is critical to understand how stem cell activity is
regulated during regeneration. Hairs are mini-organs that undergo cyclic regeneration …

Hair follicle (HF) development is the result of neuroectodermal–mesodermal interactions,
and can be divided into morphologically distinguishable stages (induction, organogenesis …

Comparative developmental evidence indicates that reorganizations in developmental gene
regulatory networks (GRNs) underlie evolutionary changes in animal morphology, including …

We expose it, cover it, paint it, tattoo it, scar it, and pierce it. Our intimate connection with the
world, skin protects us while advertising our health, our identity, and our individuality. This …