Abstract Initialized Earth System predictions are made by starting a numerical prediction
model in a state as consistent as possible to observations and running it forward in time for …

With increasing global interest in molecular hydrogen to replace fossil fuels, more attention
is being paid to potential leakages of hydrogen into the atmosphere and its environmental …

An overview of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) is provided,
including a discussion of the challenges encountered during its development and how they …

Large increases in the number of low earth orbit satellites are projected in the coming
decades [L. Schulz, K.-H. Glassmeier, Adv. Space Res. 67, 1002–1025 (2021)] with perhaps …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

The second version of the fully coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is
presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth …

Abstract The January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption injected a
relatively small amount of sulfur dioxide, but significantly more water into the stratosphere …

Poor air quality is currently responsible for large impacts on human health across the world.
In addition, the air pollutants ozone (O3) and particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter …

The lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) system consists of the upper atmosphere and the
lower part of the ionosphere and as such comprises a complex system coupled to both the …

Heat waves and air pollution extremes exert compounding effects on human health and food
security and may worsen under future climate change. On the basis of reconstructed daily …