Abstract Effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on children and
adolescent health outcomes have been attracted more and more attention. In the present …

Sound stimulation is generally used for tinnitus and hyperacusis treatment. Recent studies
found that long‐term noise exposure can change synaptic and firing properties in the central …

Objectives Smoking plays major role in development of vascular and respiratory serious
diseases. It has been reported that negative smoker children are prone for conductive …

Developmental consequences of prenatal drug exposure have been reported in many
human cohorts and animal studies. The long-lasting impact on the offspring—including …

Auditory temporal processing is essential for sound discrimination and speech
comprehension. Under normal developmental conditions, temporal processing acuity …

The rate of smoking in Brazil is about 18.8%. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is
one of the major factors predisposing children to several hazardous health problems. The …

Key points Chronic perinatal nicotine exposure causes abnormal auditory brainstem
responses and auditory processing deficits in children and animal models. The effect of …

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a variety of roles in the central nervous system.
It was previously shown that blocking muscarinic receptors with a nonselective antagonist …

Cortical excitatory and inhibitory synapses are disrupted in schizophrenia, the symptoms of
which often emerge during adolescence, when cortical excitatory synapses undergo …

Hearing loss positively links with cigarette smoking. However, the involved mechanism and
treatment strategies are largely unrevealed. This study aimed to investigate the damaging …