Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent psychiatric disorders and a leading cause of
disability. While there continues to be expansive research in posttraumatic stress disorder …

The role of peripheral physiology in the experience of emotion has been debated since the
19th century following the seminal proposal by William James that somatic responses to …

The present volume on concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior, is the first in this new
Handbook series. The purpose of this first chapter is to provide an outline of stress, stress …

Stress in general, and early life stress in particular, has been associated with the
development of anxiety and mood disorders. The molecular, biological and psychological …

Background and aims Establishment of the gut microbiota is one of the most important
events in early life and emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota influences …

A great deal of research aims to identify risk factors related to individual vulnerability to
develop stress-induced psychopathologies. Here, we summarize evidence that point at …

Anxiety and stress-related disorders are severe psychiatric conditions that affect
performance in daily tasks and represent a high cost to public health. The initial observation …

Data will be reviewed using the acoustic startle reflex in rats and humans based on our
attempts to operationally define fear vs anxiety. Although the symptoms of fear and anxiety …

Mood and anxiety disorders are characterized by a variety of neuroendocrine,
neurotransmitter, and neuroanatomical disruptions. Identifying the most functionally relevant …

Social preference, the decision to interact with one member of the same species over
another, is critical to optimize social interactions. Thus, adult rodents favor interacting with …