Secretion of cellular components across the plasma membrane is an essential process that
enables organisms to interact with their environments. Production of extracellular vesicles in …

The intestine is fundamental in controlling human health. Intestinal epithelial and immune
cells are continuously exposed to millions of microbes that greatly impact on intestinal …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membranous vesicles secreted by living
cells that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes as intermediaries …

Cells from all three domains of life, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya, produce extracellular
vesicles (EVs) which are sometimes associated with filamentous structures known as …

Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical buds of the outer membrane filled with
periplasmic content and are commonly produced by Gram-negative bacteria. The production …

Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) of Gram-negative bacteria are spherical membrane-
enclosed entities of endocytic origin. Reported in the consortia of different bacterial species …

Many bacteria produce extracellular and surface-associated components such as
membrane vesicles (MVs), extracellular DNA and moonlighting cytosolic proteins for which …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the γ-proteobacteria.
Like other members of the Pseudomonas genus, it is known for its metabolic versatility and …

Bacterial membrane vesicles are proteoliposomal nanoparticles produced by both Gram-
negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As they originate from the outer surface of the bacteria …

Like mammalian cells, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria release nano-sized
membrane vesicles into the extracellular environment either in a constitutive manner or in a …