Allometry refers to the ways in which organismal shape is associated with size. It is a special
case of integration, or the tendency for traits to covary, in that variation in size is ubiquitous …

Purpose Deep phenoty** is an emerging trend in precision medicine for genetic disease.
The shape of the face is affected in 30–40% of known genetic syndromes. Here, we …

Sexual selection, including mate choice and intrasexual competition, is responsible for the
evolution of some of the most elaborated and sexually dimorphic traits in animals. Although …

Two to three thousand syndromes modify facial features: their screening requires the eye of
an expert in dysmorphology. A widely used tool in shape characterization is geometric …

Given the shared ectodermal origin and integrated development of the face and the brain,
facial biomarkers emerge as potential candidates to assess vulnerability for disorders in …

Allometry has been a paradigm of constraints, including intrinsic constraints on the
evolvability of allometry, as a source of developmental and genetic constraints on the …

In this second part of the study, using a 'clean'dataset without very low precision landmarks
and outliers, I describe how to compare mandibular size and shape using Procrustes …

Introduction Datasets of soft-tissue craniofacial anthropometric norms collected with the use
of different methods are available, but there is little understanding of how the measurements …

The biology of how faces are built and come to differ from one another is complex.
Discovering normal variants that contribute to differences in facial morphology is one key to …

Examining the extent to which sex differences in three-dimensional (3D) facial soft tissue
configurations are similar across diverse populations could suggest the source of the …