Stress often affects our social lives. When undergoing high-level or persistent stress,
individuals frequently retract from social interactions and become irritable and hostile …

Simple and complex carbohydrates (glycans) have long been known to play major
metabolic, structural and physical roles in biological systems. Targeted microbial binding to …

Although adverse early life experiences have been found to increase lifetime risk to develop
violent behaviors, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these long-term effects …

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) address three types of aggression: frustrative non‐
reward, defensive aggression and offensive/proactive aggression. This review sought to …

As an anti-adhesive, a reservoir for key biological molecules, and a modulator of signaling,
polysialic acid (polySia) is critical for nervous system development and maintenance …

Sialic acids (Sia) are involved in many biological activities and frequently exist as monosialyl
residues at the non-reducing terminal end of glycoconjugates. Occasionally, polymerized …

Stressful life experiences are known to be a precipitating factor for many mental disorders.
The social defeat model induces behavioral responses in rodents (eg reduced social …

Polysialic acid (polySia, PSA) is a unique constituent of the glycocalyx on the surface of
bacterial and vertebrate cells. In vertebrates, its biosynthesis is highly regulated, not only in …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by
impaired social interaction, communication deficit and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors …

Polysialic acid (polySia), a unique acidic glycan modifying neural cell adhesion molecule
(NCAM), is known to regulate embryonic neural development and adult brain functions …