The last 25 years have seen significant growth in new therapeutic options for breast cancer,
termed targeted therapies based on their ability to block specific pathways known to drive …

The mutational and phenotypic landscape of tumors is dynamic, requiring constant
monitoring of cancer patients to provide the most up-to-date and effective care. Circulating …

Despite advances in screening and therapeutics cancer continues to be one of the major
causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The molecular profile of tumor is routinely …

Currently, tumor treatment modalities such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy have
more stringent requirements for obtaining tumor growth information and require more …

Malignant melanoma is the leading cause of death among cutaneous malignancies. While
its incidence is increasing, the most recent cancer statistics show a small but clear decrease …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of mortality. Checkpoint inhibitors of
programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) have …

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, representing approximately 4% of all
cutaneous neoplasms and accounting for up to 80% of deaths. Advanced stages of …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has achieved remarkable success in many
cancers including melanoma. However, ICB therapy benefits only a small proportion of …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically enhanced the treatment outcomes for
diverse malignancies. Yet, only 15–60% of patients respond significantly. Therefore …

Histopathological examination (biopsy) is the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of colorectal
cancer (CRC). However, biopsy is an invasive method, and due to the temporal and spatial …