Over the past few decades, flexible sensors have been developed from the “electronic” level
to the “iontronic” level, and gradually to the “ionic” level. Ionic flexible sensors (IFS) are one …

Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) is a new type of flexible electroactive polymer, which
has the advantages of fast response, large driving displacement, small elastic modulus and …

As promising candidates in the field of artificial muscles, ionic‐polymer–metal composites
(IPMCs) still cannot simultaneously provide large deformations and fast responses, which …

As a new type of flexible smart material, ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) has the
advantages of being lightweight and having fast responses, good flexibility, and large …

Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC) are smart material transducers that bend in
response to low-voltage stimuli and generate voltage in response to bending. IPMCs are …

Ionic flexible sensors (IFS) usually consist of an ionomer matrix and two conductive
electrodes, the failure of which mostly originates from interfacial debonding between matrix …

Recently, attempts have been made to develop ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC),
which is garnering growing interest for ionic artificial muscle, as a soft actuator and sensor …

Although efforts to model the electrochemical behavior of ionomeric polymer-metal
composite (IPMC) devices through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have …

As biomimetic actuators that are operable under low voltages, ionic polymer–metal
composites (IPMCs) have been proposed as promising candidates in the field of artificial …

Ionic polymer sensors (IPSs) have broad application prospects in health monitoring,
environmental perception, and human–computer interaction. The performance of IPSs with …