The fish gill is a multipurpose organ that, in addition to providing for aquatic gas exchange,
plays dominant roles in osmotic and ionic regulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of …

The gill epithelium is the site of gas exchange, ionic regulation, acid-base balance, and
nitrogenous waste excretion by fishes. The last three processes are controlled by passive …

Ammonia is an unusual toxicant in that it is produced by, as well as being poisonous to,
animals. In aqueous solution ammonia has two species, NH 3 and NH 4+, total ammonia is …

The article discusses advances in osmoregulation and excretion with emphasis on how
multicellular animals in different osmotic environments regulate their milieu intérieur …

In the 1930s, August Krogh, Homer Smith, and Ancel Keys knew that teleost fishes were
hyperosmotic to fresh water and hyposmotic to seawater, and, therefore, they were …

The diversity of mechanisms of ammonia and urea excretion by the gills and other epithelia
of aquatic organisms, especially fish and crustaceans, has been studied for decades …

Fishes are the first vertebrates, descendents of the early chordates* that evolved from
marine, deuterostome invertebrates. The extant lancelets and tunicates both marine and …

In fresh water fishes, ammonia is excreted across the branchial epithelium via passive NH3
diffusion. This NH3 is subsequently trapped as NH in an acidic unstirred boundary layer …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the osmotic and ionic regulation in teleost eggs
and larvae. The teleost egg differs in one major respect from those of the polychaetes …

Although it has been a subject of considerable research, many questions regarding the
mechanism (s) of ammonia excretion (JAmm) across fish gills remain unresolved. Recent …