Eighteen nucleic acid therapeutics have been approved for treatment of various diseases in
the last 25 years. Their modes of action include antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), splice …

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that associate with
proteins of the PIWI clade of the Argonaute family. First identified in animal germ line cells …

More than 25 years after its discovery, the post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanism
termed RNAi is now transforming pharmaceutical development, proved by the recent FDA …

Small RNAs regulate a wide variety of biological processes by repressing the expression of
target genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. To achieve these …

Background One of the most malignant tumors in men is prostate cancer that is still incurable
due to its heterogenous and progressive natures. Genetic and epigenetic changes play …

Since their serendipitous discovery in nematodes, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as
key regulators of biological processes in animals. These small RNAs form complex networks …

In animals, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) of 21–35 nucleotides in length silence
transposable elements, regulate gene expression and fight viral infection. piRNAs guide …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that inhibit the expression of target genes
by directly binding to their mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed as precursor molecules, which …

INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that guide repression of mRNA
targets. Each miRNA associates with an Argonaute (AGO) protein to form a complex in …

Following the discovery of nucleic acids by Friedrich Miescher in 1868, DNA and RNA were
recognized as the genetic code containing the necessary information for proper cell …