Large herbivores play unique ecological roles and are disproportionately imperiled by
human activity. As many wild populations dwindle towards extinction, and as interest grows …

Rewilding is a restoration approach that aims to promote self-regulating complex
ecosystems by restoring non-human ecological processes while reducing human control …

Food webs influence ecosystem diversity and functioning. Contemporary defaunation has
reduced food web complexity, but simplification caused by past defaunation is difficult to …

Large mammalian herbivores (megafauna) have experienced extinctions and declines since
prehistory. Introduced megafauna have partly counteracted these losses yet are thought to …

Across the last~ 50,000 years (the late Quaternary) terrestrial vertebrate faunas have
experienced severe losses of large species (megafauna), with most extinctions occurring in …

Research in Macaronesia has led to substantial advances in ecology, evolution and
conservation biology. We review the scientific developments achieved in this region, and …

Fire activity varies substantially at global scales because of the influence of climate, but at
broad spatiotemporal scales, the possible effects of herbivory on fire activity are unknown …

Human impacts reshape ecological communities through the extinction and introduction of
species. The combined impact of these factors depends on whether non-native species fill …

Megafauna play important roles in the biosphere, yet little is known about how they shape
dryland ecosystems. We report on an overlooked form of ecosystem engineering by donkeys …

Aim How much stronger would the effects of herbivorous mammals be in natural ecosystems
if human‐linked extinctions and extirpations had not occurred? Many mammal species have …