We review the discovery, characterization, and evolving use of the N400, an event-related
brain potential response linked to meaning processing. We describe the elicitation of N400s …

In traditional theories of language comprehension, syntactic and semantic processing are
inextricably linked. This assumption has been challenged by the 'Semantic Illusion …

Pre-training by language modeling has become a popular and successful approach to NLP
tasks, but we have yet to understand exactly what linguistic capacities these pre-training …

The N400 component of the event-related brain potential has aroused much interest
because it is thought to provide an online measure of meaning processing in the brain …

To understand the endogenous components of the event-related brain potential (ERP), we
must use data about the components' antecedent conditions to form hypotheses about the …

The functional interpretation of two salient language-sensitive ERP components–the N400
and the P600–remains a matter of debate. Prominent alternative accounts link the N400 to …

The neuroelectric activity of the human brain that accompanies linguistic processing can be
studied through recordings of event-related potentials (erp components) from the scalp. The …

The physical energy that we refer to as a word, whether in isolation or embedded in
sentences, takes its meaning from the knowledge stored in our brains through a lifetime of …

The effects of sentential context and semantic memory structure during on-line sentence
processing were examined by recording event-related brain potentials as individuals read …

Publisher Summary In 1994, there were only two dominant noninvasive techniques to offer
insight about the functional organization of language from its brain bases: the behavior of …